Canker sores are a type of mouth ulcer. Some of the medical terms used to refer to canker sores are “recurrent minor aphthous ulcers” and “recurrent minor aphthous stomatitis” (thus differentiating canker sores from other forms of aphthous ulcers or aphthous stomatitis). Canker sores are the most commonly occurring type of mouth ulcer.

What do they?
Alone or in groups, the canker sores like a kind of small cratere white, rounded and very localized (language, gums, lining of the mouth), which becomes painful every time we eat.

Where do they come?
If their origin is unknown, recurrences are often linked to dietary factors, infectious, hormonal and overwork. In case, acidic foods (citrus, vinegar), the gruyere, dried fruits, drinks too hot or very flat spices. The same is true with certain diseases of the liver, gall bladder or kidneys.

What can we do?
The problem is that there is no miracle solution. At most we can prevent their appearance by good oral hygiene. When canker sores are, will only take some months at least, they most often disappear spontaneously after ten days. In the meantime, it is better to remove food HIM. To ease the pain and reduce inflammation, the brush with a cotton swab soaked in an antiseptic solution can be effective. Although too, gargle (especially not swallow) a soluble aspirin.

Treatment of paradontosis / Periodontitis
The therapy should be considered when a dentist happened to the periodontal treatment is specialized. Before periodontal treatment there is a diagnosis of gum disease using various investigations. Apart from a survey of the patient, for example, according to the daily oral hygiene, the dentist examines the extent to rubbers and have explored using a special tool bags, which are between gums and teeth have trained. The depth of these pockets can be measured, to three millimeters depth is considered normal, from four millimeters this is a danger to the tooth out, so that periodontal treatment is warranted.

An X-ray examination is essential in order to see whether the bone of the jaw in the area of the teeth is already diminished. Bacteria tests can also be carried out, they have seen for themselves but only a small significance for periodontal treatment, unless there is a very extensive inflammation . When periodontal treatment must be cleaned and formed pockets be reduced. This will be first on a so-called Initial treatment attempts.

The dentist goes in this parodontitis treatment with instruments such as Scalern to the teeth and gums in the pockets and there is scratching the pads and the tartar from thoroughly. For these periodontal treatment can be as modern measure certain ultrasonic instruments, such as the Vector system can be used.

Sometimes a dose of antibiotic agents in the gum or the prescription for revenue, in addition to the harmful bacteria to fight. After the initial periodontal treatment is a regular at the dentist’s supervision is essential. Often the need for initial therapy several meetings to be carried out.

Very often this is already part of periodontal treatment successfully, and the bags, the inflammation and bone resumptions will be reduced. However, if no or only insufficient improvement can be seen, a gum-operative treatment be made.

Under such a rag  after setting a local anesthetic cut the gums, so that the dentist’s office where the affected can see better. As with the initial periodontal treatment will also be here again the plaque example with the scaler .

Occasionally, when periodontal treatment, a jaw bone structure are in motion. To this end, the growth stimulating substances brought or even the body’s own bone transplant. There are also the procedures of Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR abbreviated) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) to use: a folienartige layer is between gums and teeth restraint apparatus in order to support bone cell formation and not by fast-growing gum tissue to obstruct. At the end of the Flapoperation the gum stitched back. 

After periodontal treatment
In general, the patient can then one week after periodontal treatment for pulling threads come to the dentist. If the tooth, however, already Holding apparatus so far damaged that the tooth is no longer tight, so the tooth may need to be considered. Even after a periodontal treatment may cause problems exist or arise through the therapy. When periodontal treatment can e.g. by the scalers a violation of the gums or the tooth showed. The pockets between gums and teeth can also continue to exist, the teeth remain loose, for this reason, is a regular check is always required.

Even cosmetic problems are sometimes referred to the periodontal treatment, the gums often covered less from the teeth, so that they look longer. Reinforced by the exposed tooth necks, the teeth paradontosis after treatment increased sensitive.

Whether before or after periodontal treatment, an accurate toothbrush and oral hygiene with dental floss or interdental toothbrush is in any case necessary for the preservation of teeth.

The bacteria distinguished from substances (endotoxins), which can penetrate the mucosa. On the body’s own defenses and certain messengers did the immune response of the body – the acute inflammation. For heavier forms is the limited dental care possible, because any contact with the gums hurt.

Remedy usually creates Muskellunge of oral hygiene, ie regular and thorough brushing. Here are the bacterial plaque and the trigger for this disease away.

The gingivitis can also be caused by mechanical, chemical or thermal influences are triggered. Responsibility is often too strong cleaning of the teeth. It is the gingival through the bristles of the toothbrush injured and reacted with an inflammation. Swelling and pain occur in the famous pizza burns on the palate. This is a real combustion and heals over a few days. Also by strong acids or alkalis can cause gum inflammation come. You should avoid any contact with these fluids.
Chronic gingivitis
The chronic gingivitis arises mostly from the acute form. For 80 to 90% of adults can be a chronic gingivitis noted. Also here is the trigger of bacterial plaque. Simplified is the severity of inflammation at the bleeding down. For excessive gingival bleeding, which is already under a simple touch of the gingival trigger, you can also expect a strong gingivitis.
The chronic gingivitis also often appears together with a large quantity of tartar. It plays not only the bacterial component of a role. Through the calcified, hard and sharp lining it comes to a permanent mechanical irritation of the gingival.

Image: Oral-B

The picture shows a red and slightly swollen gingival, which originate in the tooth gap has. Through improved oral hygiene may be inflammation in a few days to subside. It remains undetected is in the chronic form.
  Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)
A special form of acute gingivitis is the ANUG (acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis), also Plaut-Vincent called gingivitis.

The pathogens are mainly small, large and medium spirochete, chopsticks and cocci bacteria.
The disease is not contagious. It affects mostly teenagers or young adults between 15 and 30 Year of life.
The bacteria penetrate quickly into the tissue, which by an existing gingivitis .
The disease begins on the gums, between the teeth is located and destroyed the Interdentally Papillion. That means that after the recovery of ANUG the gingival at these places is missing.
The affected patients suffer from high fever, severe bad breath, fatigue and severe pain. Often it affects smokers and people who are under severe stress (tests) are available. Lately, is also a latent viral infection in suspicion.
The ANUG begins abruptly with a inflammation, usually at the front teeth. The gums in the tooth gap is hochrot and with a slightly yellowish, cloudy wipe film. This can only help the dentist.
Hormonally-related gingivitis
The hormone-related gingivitis usually occurs in puberty or pregnancy on. Known is also the link between gum inflammation and pill. Triggers are basically the same factors as in the acute and chronic gingivitis. By the hormonal influence but the symptoms are exacerbated. With good dental hygiene but also occurs in these hormonal forms at no gingivitis.
On the left you can picture the difference between a healthy (1) and the inflammatory changes gingival (2) recognize. The bones of the tooth times (3) has not yet been attacked. The gum appears by the edematous swelling . The probe (4) is composed of 3mm spacing. The probe tip, 3-4mm into the diseased gum pocket penetrate – on the healthy side only 1-2mm.
Countermeasures
The acute and chronic gingivitis can be determined by a professional dental cleaning removed. You can prevent by good oral hygiene and regular dental visits.
You should avoid too hot meals and drinks and contact with corrosive substances.
When you ANUG remains the only immediate way to a dentist. Meanwhile, treatment consists of a thorough dental cleaning, after a local anesthetic was given. You may get an antibiotic and a painkiller fever. It is also advised bed rest.
Conclusion
  In 90% of subjects show strong bacterial coverings on all teeth. A scientific study has some time before an attempt to dental students, in which the influence of the tooth surface on the training of gingivitis could be identified.
A group of students should brush teeth daily, which otherwise should not preen. Once again was cleaned, the inflammation disappeared again.

Try to avoid gum inflammation. And remember: The chronic gingivitis is also called lymphocytic-plasmacytic gingivitis. It does not automatically in a periodentitis over, but mostly a periodontal condition
 

The gum massage

Children need their own toothpaste
Children’s toothpaste is different from the adults mainly in the Flavors to the cleaning for the kids a pleasant one. As children, but also out what is not correct and dominate much swallow toothpaste, the concentration of the ingredients, such as fluoride, lower than for adults pastes, because fluoride in larger quantities in the body of toxic effects, especially in children.

FDI (FDI World Dental Federation) has 1988 on the protection of consumers an international standard for tooth pastes down. One of the points contained therein is that no sugar (sucrose) in toothpastes may contain only sugar substitutes. Thus, tooth pastes containing sugar for children rather than the exception. This can be done but at the list of ingredients check.
 

Mouth washing
Chlorhexidine (CHX) is one of the drugs is therefore pharmacist, but not prescription Is for prophylaxis against caries and periodontal applied, because it’s the bacteria in the mouth and reduces the formation and maturation of plaque inhibits. But should only be temporary, so a week, kur-like application (examples: “Chlorhexamed”,

Essential oils: surfacing in the mouth are triggers for caries and periodontal disease. They are also responsible for halitosis. This is caused by sulfur compounds which, for example, from on the tongue surface bacteria adhesive pads are produced. On the other hand have mouthwash on the basis of essential oils very well. They kill odor-forming plague Ghosts in the sink and ensure fresh breath (for example, “Listerine”).

Mouthwash: You are unfortunately without proven antibacterial effect, but effect against halitosis and give a short feeling of freshness (eg “Odol”).

Home bleaching
Cerbamidperoxid, the active ingredient in bleach, is a medical device and may, according to ruling of the Administrative. At very low doses, however, these are also known as bleaching strips, etc. commercially available. The low dosage promises but no great success.

Instead, dentists offer professional bleaching, which in an hour can achieve notable successes. The advantages are obvious: no wearing of week-long rails, because the maximum bleach is already used in one to two hours, lasts no longer than a hairdresser visit. Also, only the dentist to ensure that the gum is not the bleach is perfect . Special lamps intensify the effect of bleaching, it can be gentle, low 15-percent dosage of bleach be used (for example, Bright Smile).

A case for the doctor
About 70 percent of the causes of chronic halitosis lie in the mouth itself Therefore it can not be said often enough: The cleaning of the tongue, as in other cultural areas such as Asia obviously practiced, is the alpha and omega in the fight against halitosis. The complex, rugged construction of the tongue surface makes it a favorite nesting place for bacteria. From here begins after brushing the re-colonization of tooth surfaces with microorganisms. On the tongue are forming sulfur bacteria decomposition products that cause unpleasant mouth odor.

The tongue flora is only one factor. Often, strong gum inflammation blame, untouched leftovers to be decomposed or carious points. . In addition, odor molecules in the intestine into the bloodstream and then exhaled through the lungs are. Therefore it is advisable if the halitosis last longer and with increasing oral hygiene can not be removed, a dentist and, where appropriate, an internist reside.